Repository storage types (CORE ONLY)
- Introduced in GitLab 10.0.
- Hashed storage became the default for new installations in GitLab 12.0
- Hashed storage is enabled by default for new and renamed projects in GitLab 13.0.
GitLab can be configured to use one or multiple repository storage paths/shard locations that can be:
- Mounted to the local disk
- Exposed as an NFS shared volume
- Accessed via Gitaly on its own machine.
In GitLab, this is configured in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb by the git_data_dirs({})
configuration hash. The storage layouts discussed here apply to any shard
defined in it.
The default repository shard that is available in any installations
that haven't customized it, points to the local folder: /var/opt/gitlab/git-data.
Anything discussed below is expected to be part of that folder.
Hashed storage
NOTE: In GitLab 13.0, hashed storage is enabled by default and the legacy storage is deprecated. Support for legacy storage is scheduled to be removed in GitLab 14.0. If you haven't migrated yet, check the migration instructions. The option to choose between hashed and legacy storage in the admin area has been disabled.
Hashed storage is the storage behavior we rolled out with 10.0. Instead of coupling project URL and the folder structure where the repository is stored on disk, we are coupling a hash, based on the project's ID. This makes the folder structure immutable, and therefore eliminates any requirement to synchronize state from URLs to disk structure. This means that renaming a group, user, or project costs only the database transaction, and takes effect immediately.
The hash also helps to spread the repositories more evenly on the disk, so the top-level directory contains fewer folders than the total number of top-level namespaces.
The hash format is based on the hexadecimal representation of SHA256:
SHA256(project.id). The top-level folder uses the first 2 characters, followed
by another folder with the next 2 characters. They are both stored in a special
@hashed folder, to be able to co-exist with existing Legacy Storage projects:
# Project's repository:
"@hashed/#{hash[0..1]}/#{hash[2..3]}/#{hash}.git"
# Wiki's repository:
"@hashed/#{hash[0..1]}/#{hash[2..3]}/#{hash}.wiki.git"Translating hashed storage paths
Troubleshooting problems with the Git repositories, adding hooks, and other tasks requires you translate between the human readable project name and the hashed storage path.
From project name to hashed path
The hashed path is shown on the project's page in the admin area.
To access the Projects page, go to Admin Area > Overview > Projects and then open up the page for the project.
The "Gitaly relative path" is shown there, for example:
"@hashed/b1/7e/b17ef6d19c7a5b1ee83b907c595526dcb1eb06db8227d650d5dda0a9f4ce8cd9.git"This is the path under /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/ on a
default Omnibus installation.
In a Rails console, get this information using either the numeric project ID or the full path:
Project.find(16).disk_path
Project.find_by_full_path('group/project').disk_pathFrom hashed path to project name
To translate from a hashed storage path to a project name:
- Start a Rails console.
- Run the following:
ProjectRepository.find_by(disk_path: '@hashed/b1/7e/b17ef6d19c7a5b1ee83b907c595526dcb1eb06db8227d650d5dda0a9f4ce8cd9').projectThe quoted string in that command is the directory tree you can find on your
GitLab server. For example, on a default Omnibus installation this would be
/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/b1/7e/b17ef6d19c7a5b1ee83b907c595526dcb1eb06db8227d650d5dda0a9f4ce8cd9.git
with .git from the end of the directory name removed.
The output includes the project ID and the project name:
=> #<Project id:16 it/supportteam/ticketsystem>Hashed object pools
Introduced in GitLab 12.1.
WARNING:
Do not run git prune or git gc in pool repositories! This can
cause data loss in "real" repositories that depend on the pool in
question.
Forks of public projects are deduplicated by creating a third repository, the
object pool, containing the objects from the source project. Using
objects/info/alternates, the source project and forks use the object pool for
shared objects. Objects are moved from the source project to the object pool
when housekeeping is run on the source project.
# object pool paths
"@pools/#{hash[0..1]}/#{hash[2..3]}/#{hash}.git"Hashed storage coverage migration
Files stored in an S3-compatible endpoint do not have the downsides
mentioned earlier, if they are not prefixed with #{namespace}/#{project_name},
which is true for CI Cache and LFS Objects.
In the table below, you can find the coverage of the migration to the hashed storage.
| Storable Object | Legacy storage | Hashed storage | S3 Compatible | GitLab Version |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Repository | Yes | Yes | - | 10.0 |
| Attachments | Yes | Yes | - | 10.2 |
| Avatars | Yes | No | - | - |
| Pages | Yes | No | - | - |
| Docker Registry | Yes | No | - | - |
| CI Build Logs | No | No | - | - |
| CI Artifacts | No | No | Yes | 9.4 / 10.6 |
| CI Cache | No | No | Yes | - |
| LFS Objects | Yes | Similar | Yes | 10.0 / 10.7 |
| Repository pools | No | Yes | - | 11.6 |
Avatars
Each file is stored in a folder with its id from the database. The filename is always avatar.png for user avatars.
When avatar is replaced, Upload model is destroyed and a new one takes place with different id.
CI artifacts
CI Artifacts are S3 compatible since 9.4 (GitLab Premium), and available in GitLab Core since 10.6.
LFS objects
LFS Objects in GitLab implement a similar storage pattern using 2 chars, 2 level folders, following Git's own implementation:
"shared/lfs-objects/#{oid[0..1}/#{oid[2..3]}/#{oid[4..-1]}"
# Based on object `oid`: `8909029eb962194cfb326259411b22ae3f4a814b5be4f80651735aeef9f3229c`, path will be:
"shared/lfs-objects/89/09/029eb962194cfb326259411b22ae3f4a814b5be4f80651735aeef9f3229c"LFS objects are also S3 compatible.
Legacy storage
WARNING: In GitLab 13.0, hashed storage is enabled by default and the legacy storage is deprecated. If you haven't migrated yet, check the migration instructions. Support for legacy storage is scheduled to be removed in GitLab 14.0. If you're on GitLab 13.0 and later, switching new projects to legacy storage is not possible. The option to choose between hashed and legacy storage in the admin area has been disabled.
Legacy storage is the storage behavior prior to version 10.0. For historical reasons, GitLab replicated the same mapping structure from the projects URLs:
- Project's repository:
#{namespace}/#{project_name}.git - Project's wiki:
#{namespace}/#{project_name}.wiki.git
This structure made it simple to migrate from existing solutions to GitLab and easy for Administrators to find where the repository is stored.
On the other hand this has some drawbacks:
Storage location concentrates a huge number of top-level namespaces. The impact can be reduced by the introduction of multiple storage paths.
Because backups are a snapshot of the same URL mapping, if you try to recover a
very old backup, you need to verify whether any project has taken the place of
an old removed or renamed project sharing the same URL. This means that
mygroup/myproject from your backup may not be the same original project that
is at that same URL today.
Any change in the URL needs to be reflected on disk (when groups / users or projects are renamed). This can add a lot of load in big installations, especially if using any type of network based filesystem.