Dependency Proxy

• Introduced in GitLab Premium 11.11.
• Moved to GitLab Core in GitLab 13.6.
• Support for private groups in GitLab Core 13.7.
• Anonymous access to images in public groups is no longer available starting in GitLab Core 13.7.

The GitLab Dependency Proxy is a local proxy you can use for your frequently-accessed upstream images.

In the case of CI/CD, the Dependency Proxy receives a request and returns the upstream image from a registry, acting as a pull-through cache.

NOTE: The Dependency Proxy is not compatible with Docker version 20.x and later. If you are using the Dependency Proxy, Docker version 19.x.x is recommended until issue #290944 is resolved.

Prerequisites

The Dependency Proxy must be enabled by an administrator.

Supported images and packages

The following images and packages are supported.

Image/Package	GitLab version
Docker	11.11+

For a list of planned additions, view the direction page.

Enable the Dependency Proxy

The Dependency Proxy is disabled by default. Learn how an administrator can enable it.

View the Dependency Proxy

To view the Dependency Proxy:

• Go to your group's Packages & Registries > Dependency Proxy.

The Dependency Proxy is not available for projects.

Use the Dependency Proxy for Docker images

You can use GitLab as a source for your Docker images.

Prerequisites:

• Your images must be stored on Docker Hub.

Authenticate with the Dependency Proxy

• Introduced in GitLab Core 13.7.
• It's deployed behind a feature flag, enabled by default.
• It's enabled on GitLab.com.
• It's recommended for production use.
• For GitLab self-managed instances, GitLab administrators can opt to disable it. (CORE ONLY)

WARNING: This feature might not be available to you. Check the version history note above for details. The requirement to authenticate is a breaking change added in 13.7. An administrator can temporarily disable it if it has disrupted your existing Dependency Proxy usage.

Because the Dependency Proxy is storing Docker images in a space associated with your group, you must authenticate against the Dependency Proxy.

Follow the instructions for using images from a private registry, but instead of using registry.example.com:5000, use your GitLab domain with no port gitlab.example.com.

For example, to manually log in:

docker login gitlab.example.com --username my_username --password my_password

You can authenticate using:

• Your GitLab username and password.
• A personal access token with the scope set to read_registry and write_registry.

Authenticate within CI/CD

Introduced in GitLab 13.7.

To work with the Dependency Proxy in GitLab CI/CD, you can use:

• CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_USER: A CI user for logging in to the Dependency Proxy.
• CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_PASSWORD: A CI password for logging in to the Dependency Proxy.
• CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_SERVER: The server for logging in to the Dependency Proxy.
• CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_GROUP_IMAGE_PREFIX: The image prefix for pulling images through the Dependency Proxy.

This script shows how to use these variables to log in and pull an image from the Dependency Proxy:

# .gitlab-ci.yml

dependency-proxy-pull-master:
  # Official docker image.
  image: docker:latest
  stage: build
  services:
    - docker:dind
  before_script:
    - docker login -u "$CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_USER" -p "$CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_PASSWORD" "$CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_SERVER"
  script:
    - docker pull "$CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_GROUP_IMAGE_PREFIX"/alpine:latest

CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_SERVER and CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_GROUP_IMAGE_PREFIX include the server port. So if you use CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_SERVER to log in, for example, you must explicitly include the port in your pull command and vice-versa:

docker pull gitlab.example.com:443/my-group/dependency_proxy/containers/alpine:latest

You can also use custom environment variables to store and access your personal access token or other valid credentials.

Authenticate with DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG

You can use the Dependency Proxy to pull your base image.

1. Create a DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG environment variable.

2. Get credentials that allow you to log into the Dependency Proxy.

3. Generate the version of these credentials that will be used by Docker:

   # The use of "-n" - prevents encoding a newline in the password.
   echo -n "my_username:my_password" | base64
   
   # Example output to copy
   bXlfdXNlcm5hbWU6bXlfcGFzc3dvcmQ=

   This can also be a personal access token such as:

   echo -n "my_username:personal_access_token" | base64

4. Create a custom environment variables named DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG with a value of:

   {
       "auths": {
           "https://gitlab.example.com": {
               "auth": "(Base64 content from above)"
           }
       }
   }

   To use $CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_GROUP_IMAGE_PREFIX when referencing images, you must explicitly include the port in your DOCKER_AUTH_CONFIG value:

   {
       "auths": {
           "https://gitlab.example.com:443": {
               "auth": "(Base64 content from above)"
           }
       }
   }

5. Now reference the Dependency Proxy in your base image:

   # .gitlab-ci.yml
   image: ${CI_DEPENDENCY_PROXY_GROUP_IMAGE_PREFIX}/node:latest
   ...

Store a Docker image in Dependency Proxy cache

To store a Docker image in Dependency Proxy storage:

1. Go to your group's Packages & Registries > Dependency Proxy.

2. Copy the Dependency Proxy URL.

3. Use one of these commands. In these examples, the image is alpine:latest.

   • Add the URL to your .gitlab-ci.yml file:

     image: gitlab.example.com/groupname/dependency_proxy/containers/alpine:latest

   • Manually pull the Docker image:

     docker pull gitlab.example.com/groupname/dependency_proxy/containers/alpine:latest

   • Add the URL to a Dockerfile:

     FROM gitlab.example.com/groupname/dependency_proxy/containers/alpine:latest

GitLab pulls the Docker image from Docker Hub and caches the blobs on the GitLab server. The next time you pull the same image, GitLab gets the latest information about the image from Docker Hub, but serves the existing blobs from the GitLab server.

Clear the Dependency Proxy cache

Blobs are kept forever on the GitLab server, and there is no hard limit on how much data can be stored.

To reclaim disk space used by image blobs that are no longer needed, use the Dependency Proxy API.

Docker Hub rate limits and the Dependency Proxy

• Introduced in GitLab Core 13.7.

Watch how to use the Dependency Proxy to help avoid Docker Hub rate limits.

In November 2020, Docker introduced rate limits on pull requests from Docker Hub. If your GitLab CI/CD configuration uses an image from Docker Hub, each time a job runs, it may count as a pull request. To help get around this limit, you can pull your image from the Dependency Proxy cache instead.

When you pull an image (by using a command like docker pull or, in a .gitlab-ci.yml file, image: foo:latest), the Docker client makes a collection of requests:

1. The image manifest is requested. The manifest contains information about how to build the image.
2. Using the manifest, the Docker client requests a collection of layers, also known as blobs, one at a time.

The Docker Hub rate limit is based on the number of GET requests for the manifest. The Dependency Proxy caches both the manifest and blobs for a given image, so when you request it again, Docker Hub does not have to be contacted.

How does GitLab know if a cached tagged image is stale?

If you are using an image tag like alpine:latest, the image changes over time. Each time it changes, the manifest contains different information about which blobs to request. The Dependency Proxy does not pull a new image each time the manifest changes; it checks only when the manifest becomes stale.

Docker does not count HEAD requests for the image manifest towards the rate limit. You can make a HEAD request for alpine:latest, view the digest (checksum) value returned in the header, and determine if a manifest has changed.

The Dependency Proxy starts all requests with a HEAD request. If the manifest has become stale, only then is a new image pulled.

For example, if your pipeline pulls node:latest every five minutes, the Dependency Proxy caches the entire image and only updates it if node:latest changes. So instead of having 360 requests for the image in six hours (which exceeds the Docker Hub rate limit), you only have one pull request, unless the manifest changed during that time.

Check your Docker Hub rate limit

If you are curious about how many requests to Docker Hub you have made and how many remain, you can run these commands from your runner, or even in a CI/CD script:

# Note, you must have jq installed to run this command
TOKEN=$(curl "https://auth.docker.io/token?service=registry.docker.io&scope=repository:ratelimitpreview/test:pull" | jq --raw-output .token) && curl --head --header "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/ratelimitpreview/test/manifests/latest" 2>&1 | grep RateLimit
...

The output is something like:

RateLimit-Limit: 100;w=21600
RateLimit-Remaining: 98;w=21600

This example shows the total limit of 100 pulls in six hours, with 98 pulls remaining.